CAT (VARC) PYQs

All of the following constitute a point of difference between the "original" and "modified" versions of the marshmallow test EXCEPT that:

“Conversely, when a defendant struck officials as unlike themselves, whether by dint of disease, gender, confession, or race, the precariousness of judgments about mental state was exposed.” Which one of the following best describes the use of the word “confession” in this sentence?

"An enemy combatant may be subjected to torture in order to extract useful intelligence, though those inflicting the torture may have no real feelings of anger or animosity toward their subject." Which one of the following best explicates the larger point being made by the author here?